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Lidar study of the stratospheric ozone layer S. Godin Beekmann LATMOS IPSL, CNRS/UPMC Differential Absorption Lidars are used at global scale for the monitoring of the stratospheric ozone layer within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Changes (NDACC). Ozone lidar measurements are essential data sets for the study of the depletion of the ozone layer and its recovery in the context of the Montreal protocol and climate change. Long term DIAL ozone measurements are performed as part of NDACC at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), France (43.91°N, 5.71°E) since 1985, in Antarctica in Dumont d’Urville (66.4°S, 140°E) since 1991 and in La Réunion island (20°S, 120°E) since 2000. In addition to the study of long term ozone trends, the OHP lidar data have been used together with a high resolution transport model to evaluate the influence of Arctic ozone depletion on mid-latitude ozone amounts. In order to validate the simulations of the transport model, an airborne ozone lidar was also deployed to sample polar air filaments mixing into mid-latitude regions during two contrasting Arctic winters. In Antarctica, the lidar measurements were used to evaluate the subsidence of polar air in autumn and winter, and the rapid chemical ozone depletion in spring. Since Dumont d’Urville station is located close to the edge of the polar vortex, a detailed study of the permeability of the polar vortex as a function of altitude could be performed based on the ozone measurements. In La Reunion Island, close to the tropical transport barrier, lidar observations were used to make a detailed study of transport events across this barrier. NDACC ozone lidar time series measurements are also essential observations for the long term validation and cross-comparison of satellite instruments. The long term ozone lidar times series at OHP have been compared to various satellite measurements time series such SAGE II, HALOE or SBUV. Most recent validation exercises were performed for instruments on board ENVISAT, AURA and MetOp platforms. Finally, the longest NDACC lidar ozone time series, e.g. obtained at Hohenpeissenberg (Germany), OHP, Table Mountain and Hawaï (USA) and Lauder (New Zealand), have been used to evaluate the ozone recovery in the upper stratosphere in the context of climate change. 2-micron Solid State Laser Development for NASA's 3-D Winds Measurement from Space Upendra N. Singh MS 433, Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA During the last two decades, researchers at NASA Langley Research Centers have been developing 2-micron laser technology for wind measurement. We present an overview and history of 2-micron laser transmitter development at NASA Langley Research Center for coherent-detection lidar profiling of winds. The novel high-energy, 2-micron, Ho:Tm:LuLiF laser technology is employed by NASA Langley for future global coherent Doppler lidar winds measurement . The 250 mJ, 10 Hz laser has been incorporated into a compact ground based transceiver that was also designed for future aircraft flight. Ground-based wind profiles made with this transceiver will be presented. NASA Langley is currently funded to build a complete Doppler lidar system using this transceiver for the DC-8 and potentially WB-57 aircraft. The WB-57 flights will present a more severe environment and will require autonomous operation of the lidar system. The DC-8 lidar system is a likely component of future NASA hurricane research. It will include real-time data processing and display, as well as full data archiving. Recent Studies on Tropospheric and Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozone Using Lidars Nobuo Sugimoto, Atsushi Shimizu, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Ichiro Matsui, Boyan Tatarov, Osamu Uchino, and Hideaki Nakane National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan, Telephone: +81-298-50-2459 Network observations of tropospheric aerosols using two-wavelength (532 nm, 1064 nm) polarization (532 nm) lidars are conducted currently at 22 locations in Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia, and Thailand. The network named NIES Lidar Network is a part of Asian Lidar Network (ADNet) and participates in the GAW Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (GALION) as an East Asian component. The data from the network lidars are transferred to NIES in realtime and processed automatically to drive the attenuated backscatter coefficients, the total depolarization ratio and the extinction coefficients of non-spherical and spherical aerosols. The network data are used in various studies on Asian dust and regional air pollution. Recently, receivers for nitrogen Raman scattering (607 nm) were added to the network lidars at several locations for better characterizing aerosols. Observations with a high-spectral-resolution lidar at 532nm have been also performed at NIES in Tsukuba since 2003. Recently, a range-resolved spectrometer using a 32-channel multi-anode photomultiplier was introduced to study Raman scattering from particles and molecules. Also, a new multi-wavelength high-spectral-resolution lidar and a tropospheric ozone lidar are being developed for the next generation lidar network. Observations of stratospheric ozone and temperature have been conducted in Tsukuba since 1988. Variations of ozone with the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the 11-year solar cycle and the trends were analyzed. The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Aerosol Lidar Network (GALION) Raymond M. Hoff1 and Gelsomina Pappalardo2 1University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), 5523 Research Park Drive Suite 320, Baltimore Maryland, 21228 In 2008, the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Science Advisory Group on Aerosols approved the creation of a global network of networks for atmospheric lidar, called GALION. The network will be described. Consisting of networks operating in Asia, Europe, North America and South America, GALION has the potential to provide the only aerosol profile measurements on a semi-continuous observational basis as well as to provided calibration sites for satellite measurements of aerosols. Expansion of the network will require capacity-building in areas where there are few lidar groups at present. It is hoped that active discussion of GALION in Latin America will encourage such development of capability in Central and South America. Spalinet: the spanish and portuguese aerosol lidar network Michaël Sicard1,2, Manuel Pujadas3, Lucas Alados Arboledas4, Roberto Pedrós5, Juan Pedro Díaz6, Carmen Córdoba Jabonero7, Alberto Requena8, Adolfo Comerón1, Francisco Rocadenbosch1, 2, José Rodrigues9, Frank Wagner10, José Maria Moreno11 1Remote Sensing Laboratory/Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain The information corresponding to the state of the atmosphere is one of the key inputs of the models of dispersion of the polluting agents. The characterization of the atmosphere not only in the horizontal scale but also in the vertical is an important added value for the models of weather forecast. This information can be obtained by means of lidar measurements. The Spanish and Portuguese Aerosol Lidar Network (SPALINET) aims at extending and reinforcing the actions of the European network EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Climatology Aerosol) initiated through the project “A European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Climatology Aerosol: EARLINET”, contract nº EVR1-CT-1999-40003 of the 5th Framework Program, and supported, at present, as far as exchange of knowledge, by the Coordination Action “European Aerosol Research Lidar Network: Advanced Sustainable Observation System: EARLINET-ASOS”, contract nº 025991 (RICA) EARLINET-ASOS. SPALINET started on 1 January 2007, and is financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the Complementary Actions CGL2006-26149-E/CLI and CGL2007-28871-E/CLI and CGL2008-01330-E/CLI. The network is formed by 10 lidar stations: 6 elastic backscatter systems, 2 Raman systems in the visible spectrum, and 2 multi-wavelength systems. The geographical distribution is as follows: 8 stations are in the Iberian Peninsula (6 in Spain and 2 in Portugal) and 2 stations are in the Canary Islands. The activities realized during the first two years of the network were the intercomparisons of all systems at the hardware and software (elastic algorithms only) levels. The ongoing activity is the intercomparison of Raman algorithms, and the establishment of a protocol of participation as a whole of the network in national and international field campaigns. The presentation will be twofold: (i) presentation of the results of the first two years of the network putting emphasis on the main conclusions drawn from the intercomparisons at both hardware and software levels, and (ii) description of the observational approach of the network in order to cover fields such as aerosol aging, transport, radiative forcing, with a special emphasis on desert dust whose intrusions over the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula are more frequent than ever. The LIPAZ initiative in the context of Mount Chacaltaya Laboratory Francesco Zaratti and Ricardo N. Forno Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physical Research, University of San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia The Mount Chacaltaya Laboratory (MCL), located 30 km from the city of La Paz , at 5300 m asl, is well known as a cosmic ray laboratory that made important contributions to the Elementary Particles Physics in the 40’s and 50’s of the last century. Lidar activities in São Paulo Brazil E. Landulfo, F. J. S. Lopes, W. M. Nakamura, R. F. Da Costa, W. C. De Jesus, E. G. Larroza, P. F. Rodrigues Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares-IPEN/ Universidade de São Paulo - Brazil A Lidar backscattering system has been operational since August, 2001, in Sao Paulo, Brazil, at the Center for Laser and Applications (IPEN/CNEN-SP) and collecting data for pollution monitoring and tropospheric studies as boundary layer evolution, aerosol optical properties and validation with other instruments. The system operates at 532 nm and has been upgraded to a Raman lidar to extend the number of channel to at least three, namely: 355 nm, 387 nm and 408 nm. In our presentation we will highlight the achievements and special data sets obtained with this system and debate about our future operational goals within the context of a Lidar network in Latin America. LiDAR studies for dynamics of the middle atmosphere at Reunion Island Hassan Bencherif Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones UMR 8105, CNRS/Université/Météo-France Université de La Réunion, France 15, avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715, Saint-Denis CEDEX 9, Reunion Island In the context of atmospheric change due to anthropic disturbances, global observations from space by meteorological satellites are very useful. However, an optimal use of satellite records requires specific care in terms of calibration and validation. Due to their resolution satellites are not able to resolve small-scale processes. Ground-based observations are then required at different locations. Thanks to laser developments, LiDAR techniques have grown on within the last 2 decades and became essential and complementary to satellite observations. In the middle atmosphere, LiDARs give continuous measurements of temperature and ozone profiles. They indeed permit to follow variability, anomalies and change, as well as processes involved in structures and dynamics of the observed middle atmospheric layers. LiDAR studies started at Reunion Island (20.8°S, 55.5°E) by 1994 (Bencherif et al., 1996). By now, they include a variety of observations (Baray et al., 2006). Among these measures, we find the Rayleigh and the DIAL (Differential Absorption LiDAR) systems, which provide middle atmospheric temperature and ozone profiles, respectively. The presentation aims to summarize results from Rayleigh-LiDAR observations in terms of climatology and variability of the thermal structure, and in terms of gravity wave characteristics over Reunion Island. Additionally, a case study about large-scale isentropic transport (latitudinal exchange between tropics and mid-latitude regions) in the stratosphere will be addresses. GSFC Mobile Lidar Measurements during the SAUNA Campaign at Sodankyla, Finland T. McGee, L. Twigg, G. Sumnicht, R. McPeters, B. Bojkov and R. Kivi The Sodankylä Total Column Ozone Intercomparison (SAUNA) campaign took place at the Finnish Meteorological Institute Arctic Research Center (FMI-ARC) at Sodankyla, Finland (67.37°N) in two separate phases during early spring 2006, and winter 2007. These campaigns has several goals: to determine and improve the accuracy of total column ozone measurements during periods of low solar zenith angle and high total column ozone; to determine the effect of ozone profile shape on the total column retrieval; and to make validate satellite ozone measurements under these same conditions. The GSFC Stratospheric Ozone Lidar (STROZ), which makes profile measurements of ozone temperature, aerosols and water vapor participated in both phases of the campaign. During the deployments, more than 30 profile measurements were made by the lidar instrument, along with Dobson, Brewer, DOAS, ozonesonde, and satellite measurements. The presentation will concentrate on STROZ lidar results from the second phase of the campaign and comparisons with other instruments will be discussed. This will include both ground-based and satellite comparisons. Mesopause region temperature measurements at São José dos Campos Barclay Clemesha, Dale Simonich and Paulo Batista Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, Brazil We have been using a sodium resonance lidar to measure mesopause region temperatures between 80 and 100 km at São José dos Campos (23° S, 46° W) since March 2007. The transmitted 589 nm signal is generated by mixing the outputs of seeded NdYag lasers oscillating at 1064 and 1319 nm. Tuning is achieved by shifting the temperature of the 1064 seeder. We find a mean mesopause temperature of 182 K at 102 km, with little seasonal variation. Temperature profiles show strong oscillations, in many cases associated with tides and gravity waves. Vertical temperature gradients of almost 100 K/km are encountered, with positive gradients generally much stronger than negative ones. Strong positive temperature gradients are frequently associated with strong gradients in sodium mixing ratio – positive on the bottom of the layer and negative on the topside. We believe that this behavior results from the inhibition of vertical mixing by positive temperature gradients. This suggests that vertical transport of minor atmospheric constituents in the mesopause region must be strongly influenced by atmospheric stability conditions. Influence of lidar temperatures on the estimation of dynamic parameters of gravity waves observed in images of the mesospheric airglow layers Fabio Vargas1, Paulo Batista2, Delano Gobbi2, Barclay Clemesha2 and Dale Simonich2 1Paraiba Valley University, Univap, São José dos Campos, Brazil, fabio.vargas@univap.br. A monochromatic wave model has been developed to account the perturbation of gravity waves in the volume emission rate of mesospheric airglow layers. The model has been combined with airglow image data to retrieve dynamic parameters of waves when the observed airglow radiance is modulated by gravity waves moving through the emission layers. While the model is able to provide all wave parameters from airglow images (intrinsic period, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, propagation direction, wave amplitudes in temperature and intensity, energy and momentum fluxes, etc), there is concerns about the accuracy of this estimation if one assumes the temperature as constant along all airglow layers. In this work we use vertical profiles of temperature provided by a sodium lidar to investigate the sensitiveness of the estimation to that assumption. The differences found before and after including the temperature profiles are discussed. The main goal here is to identify points for improvements in the theoretical model and parameter estimation accuracy. Case studies of Lidar observations of gravity wave breaking in the Mesopause Region Alexandre A. Pimenta, Fernanda T. Fernandes, Dale M. Simonich, Barclay R. Clemesha Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Inpe, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil Lidar observations of the mesospheric sodium layer often reveal wavelike features moving through the layer. Under the assumption that the sodium density is a passive tracer of the dynamics (except when chemistry is considered important) we can use the structure of the sodium layer to visualize the dynamics. In this study we show examples of very special shapes in the height-time evolution of the sodium layers measured by lidar installed at São José dos Campos (23°S, 46°W), Brazil. We selected three nights in order to analyze the morphology of the Na layer and its relation with gravity wave perturbations. To visualize the evolution of the wave field and events such as wave breaking we will present plots of a quantity derived from the temperature data. Observations indicate that a gravity wave induces large perturbations to the atomic sodium distribution at the bottomside of the sodium layer and that the perturbations are in phase with those of temperature. At the topside of the layer, sodium and temperature perturbations are out of phase. These data are compared to the layer response predicted by the theory. Sporadic sodium layers and the average vertical distribution of atmospheric sodium: Comparison of three different Nas layer strengths Dale M Simonich, Barcley R Clemesha and Paulo P Batista Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Inpe, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil Since we first saw and reported sporadic sodium layers it was generally assumed that profiles containing sporadic layers contain additional sodium as compared to normal profiles. In a series of two papers we showed that on average this was not the case. With our new laser for measuring mesospheric sodium temperature we have two years of high quality data (2007-2008) which have excellent calibrations which we added to the analyzed data set (1993-2008). We chose three strength factor (SF) intervals SF 2-4, 4-6 and > 6 (the first paper was all data separated into average normal and sporadic profiles; the second was normal, SF 2-4 and SF > 4 individually averaged). The results reported here showed very similar results for the first two intervals when compared to the second paper. The third interval showed an increase in peak amplitude and abundance as well as an increase in centroid height as compared to figure 4 of the second paper (SF > 4). There was also a more pronounced shift of sodium to higher heights for the SF > 6 when compared to figure 4 of the second paper. These results could be explained if strong layers tend to appear at higher heights. Rayleigh lidar temperature as an indicator of middle atmosphere global change Paulo P. Batista, Barclay R. Clemesha and Dale M. Simonich Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – Inpe, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil Global change in Earth’s atmosphere due to the increase of greenhouse gases is most known by the temperature heating at the surface level, but the effect of this greenhouse gases should affect all of the atmospheric layers. Model calculations, indeed predicts a cooling at the stratospheric and mesospheric levels at an amplified figure. Rayleigh Lidar highlights as one of the best instruments to follow this effect since it permits good measurements of the atmospheric profile from ~30 km to ~80 km altitude. We have measured the atmospheric profile using a Sodium Lidar as a Rayleigh Lidar at São José dos Campos, Brazil since 1993. Nightly mean temperature calculated at the 40-, 50- and 60- km altitude from 1993 to 2009 indicate a negative temperature trend of more than 2 K per decade. First Lidar Observations of Polar Stratospheric Clouds over Belgrano II Station (77.9ºS, 34.6ºW), Antarctica Carmen Cordoba Jabonero1,2, Maria Concepcion Parrondo1, Manuel Gil1, Margarita Yela1;and Hector Ochoa3 1Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch,Torrejon de Ardoz-Madrid, Spain, A Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL-4) has been recently deployed in Belgrano II station (77.9ºS, 34.6ºW), Antarctica, in order to detect and identify Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC). Belgrano remains well inside the vortex (Parrondo et al., 2007) providing an excellent location for PSC climatology assessment. This equipment completes the INTA program (from 1994 on) for stratospheric ozone research, linking two highly-correlated fields: PSC formation and ozone depletion (Solomon, 1999). Ozone and UV radiation measurements in Río Gallegos site E. Wolfram1, J. Salvador1,2, R. D’Elia1, F. Orte13, N. Cortes3, E. Quel1 1CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET), Juan B. de La Salle 4397 - B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Argentina The depletion of the polar ozone layer is one of the strongest anthropogenic signals in the Earth system. Subpolar regions as the Patagonia, Argentina, in the southern part of South America are affected by this phenomenon, covered sometimes by air masses with less ozone than normal with the corresponding UV enhancements at ground surface. Lidar measurement of stratospheric temperature profiles in Río Gallegos (51º 55’S, 69º 14’W), Argentina Jacobo Salvador1,2, E. Wolfram1, R. D’Elia1, E.Quel1 1CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET), Juan B. de La Salle 4397 - B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Argentina The determination of temperature measurements from the Rayleigh scattering is an important remote sensing technique to obtain stratospheric profiles, particularly in the high stratosphere between 30 and 60 km high. This technique is applied to signals acquired by a lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) called DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) for determination of stratospheric ozone profiles installed since 2005 in the Patagonian city of Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina. Currently the site is part of the UVO3Patagonia in conjunction with the laboratory of Ozone and UV Radiation in the city of Punta Arenas, Chile distant 200 km, for more information www.uvo3patagonia.com. In this paper we showed the technique to measure temperature profiles in the high stratosphere between 30-60 km altitude, above the presence of aerosols region located between 25-30 km altitude. The inversion temperature from photoncounting is detected from light scattered by the Rayleigh line at 355 nm generated from a laser Quantel YG-980. An analysis of the errors involved in the inversion process and the first results for the period August to December 2006 is showed. The results presented in this paper are validated through intercomparisons with measurements made by HIRDLS instrument (High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder) onboard the NASA/AURA satellite platform and NCEP data. Multiwavelength scanning Raman lidar for atmospheric transmission measurements in the frame of CTA – Auger projects P. Ristori, J. Pallotta, L. Otero, F. González and E. Quel CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET), Juan B. de La Salle 4397 - B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Argentina Cosmic ray detection performed by Pierre Auger fluorescence detectors and galactic and extragalactic gamma rays observations from CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) telescopes need atmospheric transmission calibration to reduce measurement uncertainties. A multiwavelength scanning Raman lidar is being constructed at CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET) to perform this calibration by measuring the atmospheric transmission. This presentation describes the main requirements presented by the collaboration, the simulation that leads to the final system design and the actual state of the lidar construction. Seven years of Raman/backscatter lidar observations of free-tropospheric aerosol layers over Thessaloniki, Greece: Geometrical characteristics and Optical properties Elina Giannakaki1, Dimitris Balis1, Vassilis Amiridis2 1Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece In this study we present geometrical properties of aerosol particle pollution in the free troposphere over Thessaloniki, Greece. We have used measurements that have been performed sing backscatter /Raman lidar from January 2001 to December 2007 in the framework of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). In summary we analyze 461 measurements. Specifically, in this work we present statistical information on geometrical properties of free-tropospheric particle layers and its dependence on different air mass sources. In order to do that, we determine the geometrical depth of the particle layers by the use of range corrected backscatter signals at 532 nm. We statistically analyze our measurements by frequency distribution on the basis of all measurements and find out that the most pollution events occur in late spring and throughout the summer months. We have also calculated the frequency distribution of bottom, top, center and depth of the free-tropospheric layers. Finally, we use backward trajectory analysis with Hybrid Single-Particle Langrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) to identify the main source regions of free tropospheric particles. A pollution event may be characterized with one, two, or more pollution layers from different source regions. For that reason we attribute pollution events to different source regions, if backward trajectories indicate multiple source regions. In the future we shall analyze our 7-year data set for each geometrical layer identified with respect to optical particle properties. Acute Impact of Volcanic Gases on Vegetation Around Turrialba Volcano; Costa Rica E. Duarte, E. Fernández, S. Miranda Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (OVSICORI), Universidad Nacional, P.O. Box 2346-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica. Since mid-2005 strong magmatic degassing is taking place at Turrialba volcano. Severe environmental impact is taking place, on all vegetation, infrastructure, dairy industry, human, and animal health; around the summit and the upper western and Northwestern flanks. The most intense effects have been observed in periods when vigorous degassing, from the active west crater, increase. Anticipated climatic trends in atmospheric water vapor and the challenge of measuring them accurately David N. Whiteman1, Kevin C. Vermeesch2, Luke Oman3, Demetrius D. Venable4, Afusat Dirisu5 and Eduardo Landulfo6 1NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770 There is broad agreement among climate scientists that atmospheric temperatures will be increasing during the 21st century due to increases in greenhouse gases. There is also general agreement that atmospheric water vapor concentrations will increase as well. Increases in atmospheric water vapour concentrations can be expected to influence weather, atmospheric radiation and ozone recovery. For these reasons, monitoring trends in water vapor is the focus of two World Meteorological Organization (WMO) initiatives: the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the Global Climate Observing System Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN). Both of these networks are being developed to acquire long-term data of sufficient quality to permit trends in atmospheric water vapor to be monitored. But what requirements must measurements meet in order for trends to be revealed in atmospheric water vapor? We use a combination of historical atmospheric data and climate simulations to address this question. We will consider the adequacy of various measurement technologies including lidar for meeting the challenges presented by the measurement requirements determined from our analysis. Determination of backscatter ratio and Depolarization ratio by mobile lidar measurements in support of EarthCARE and AEOLUS missions D. Kokkinos, G. Tzeremes, E. Armandillo ESA In preparation of the forthcoming ESA spaceborne lidar missions, ADM and EarthCARE, ESA support mobile lidar (ESMOL) has conducted a number of preliminary campaigns to assess the impact of ESMOL data on the retrieval of key atmospheric parameters. This paper will report on a test campaign which was performed with ESMOL , supplemented with a Sunphotometer, for the measurements of the backscattering ratio and the depolarization ratio of low- mid altitude clouds. A post-processing code was developed in order to localise and integrate these parameters along cloud patterns, capable of generating an average overview of the cloud characteristics. The campaign reported took place during a period of 8 months in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. ESMOL uses a Raman LIDAR (LR-211-UV-D40) system transmitting at 355 nm and 532 nm, and simultaneously monitoring four channels, 355 nm polarized, 355 nm cross polarized, 387 nm and 532 nm. Its measurements were also post calibrated by a sun photometer with five filters at 340 nm, 380 nm, 500 nm, 936 and 1020 nm as well as data of daily weather conditions from meteorological databases. Detailed experimental technique and procedures will be presented together with the results of test campaign. Contrast between small footprint Lidar and field estimates of canopy height in a Tropical rainforest Carlomagno Soto, Elena Lobo Organización Para Estudios Tropicales. Costa Rica. Canopy height estimates of from a small footprint Lidar dataset will be compared to field estimates of canopy height in a lowland tropical rainforest at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Canopy height field estimates were done at every point of a 5 by 5 m grid in 18 0.5 ha plots distributed throughout the forest. Maximum canopy height was recorded at each of these points up to a height of 15 m. A 5 by 5 m grid will be also used to interpolate the heights of the Lidar data. Statistical analyses will be done to contrast height estimates from Lidar and field data at different height intervals. We expect greater differences between the two estimates at high heights where field estimates are likely to be less accurate and at low heights, were Lidar estimates are likely to be less accurate. We expect the greatest coherence between the two datasets at intermediate canopy heights. Raman and differential absorption lidar developments at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne P. Ristori1, T. Dinoev2, M. Froidevaux2, M. Bartlome2, I. Serikov2, H. van den Bergh2, M. B. Parlange2 and V. Simeonov2 1CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET), Villa Martelli, Argentina, The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, Switzerland has developed a variety of ozone differential absorption lidars and water vapor Raman lidars for atmospheric research. This presentation highlights the development of a differential absorption lidar for tropospheric ozone measurements used in ESCOMPTE 2001, INTERREGμ III 2003 and MCMA 2003 field campaigns. In addition it shows the development of a high spatial and temporal resolution water vapor Raman lidar designed for turbulence studies and a water vapor Raman lidar for meteorological applications developed in collaboration and actually used by the Swiss Meteorological Service. Active Remote Sensing in the Baltimore-Washington DC Metropolitan Area: Elastic Lidar Measurements During Air Quality Events Rubén Delgado, Patricia Sawamura, Daniel Orozco, Jaime Compton, Nikisa S. Jordan, Timothy Berkhoff, Kevin McCann and Raymond M. Hoff University of Maryland-Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA Urban air quality is influenced by the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions in cities, the topography of the urban area and its vicinity and the weather, including its atmospheric circulation patterns. Lidar measurements carried out by the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) Atmospheric Lidar Group (ALG) provide a set of atmospheric profiles of air quality, based on aerosol content, to support fieldwork of Maryland Department of the Environment meteorologists. We discuss the role of active lidar remote sensing on days of ozone and particulate matter air quality exceedances, and the relative impact of long-range transport versus local emissions studies during summer nocturnal low level jet and wintertime pollution events over the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Preliminary Results of Biomass Burning Aerosols Monitoring in Rio Claro, Brazil: Using LIDAR and Air Pollution Analyzers Glauber Lopes Mariano1, Fabio J. Lopes2, Juliana Steffens3, Maria Paulete Pereira Martins Jorge1 and Eduardo Landulfo2 1Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE Brazil has an important role in the biomass burning aerosol activity. In 2008, there was the detection of approximately 135,000 active fires. The biomass burning activity includes the burning of forests, savannas, and agricultural land. In Sao Paulo State, southeast region of Brazil, the emission of aerosols from biomass burning is mainly due burning of sugarcane crops. During the Dry Season (June-September) of 2009 an aerosol profiling campaign was carried out using a backscattering and Raman LIDAR system in Rio Claro-SP, Brazil. The main goal of this campaign was to observe the biomass burning aerosol load due to sugarcane crops and also study the air dispersion conditions, planetary boundary and mixed layer daily evolution. In this paper we aim to present the preliminary results of the influence of this type aerosol over the city of Rio Claro-SP, Brazil (22º 23’ S and 47º 32’ W). In addition air pollution monitoring systems (CO, NOx, HC, CH4, PM10 and SO2) were used for approximately 80 measurements days in the period of 3 months and we should show some measurement correlation among these instruments as well. Absorption spectroscopy with quantum-cascade lasers: Development of an airborne spectrometer for fast, high precision greenhouse gasmeasurements and application for pole to pole abundance mapping R. Jiménez1,2, B.C. Daube1, S. Park1, E.A. Kort1, E. Gottlieb1, J.B. McManus3, D.D. Nelson3, M.S. Zahniser3, S.C. Wofsy1 1Harvard University, Department of. Earth and Planetary Sciences & School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA The measurement of atmospheric trace gases requires high sensitivity, selectivity, and comparability. Sub-ppb detection of short-lived species and accurate measurement of long-lived greenhouse gases (GHG) are key examples. Tunable laser absorption spectroscopy meets these requirements by providing fast wavelength scan at high duty cycle, narrow laser linewidth, and high radiance, resulting in finely resolved spectra of high absorbance precision (typically 10-5 Hz-1/2 or better). Atmospherics particulate matter fractions measured at Camagüey, Cuba. Preliminary results Boris Barja1, Juan Carlos Antuña1, Rene Estevan1, Sandra Mogo3, Victoria E. Cachorro2 and Angel de Frutos2 1Estación Lidar de Camagüey, INSMET, Cuba Gravimetrics measurements of the three particulate matter fractions: TSP, PM10 and PM1 are reported in this paper. Samples were collected with a low volume particulate impactor Dekati PM 10 two times a week, during the period from February to October of 2008 at Camagüey, Cuba. Sampling was conducted under the local background condition and in the presence of the Saharan dust events. We obtained the mean values of particulate matter concentration of 30.1 µg/m3, 28.4 µg/m3; and 14.6 µg/m3 for PST, PM10 and PM1, respectively. The maximum/minimum concentrations of particulate matter were 74.9 µg/m3 / 14.5 µg/m3, 73.3 µg/m3 / 13.1 µg/m3 and 33.4 µg/m3 / 4.9 µg/m3 for PST, PM10 and PM1, respectively. An analysis of the eight major inorganic species (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, NO3- y SO42-) in aerosols particles in the samples using ionic chromatography was conducted. An aerosol classification was developed depending on the air masses origins, wind velocity and direction at the site of measurement. The air masses origins was determined using inverse trajectory model data. Six-Year Evolution of Multiwavelength Lidar System at CEILAP Otero L., Ristori P., Pawelko E, Pallotta J.,Quel E. CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET) - Juan B. de La Salle 4397 - B1603ALO Villa Martelli, Argentina. This work presents the CEILAP multiwavelength lidar evolution which was developed and built for tropospheric aerosol measurements from its construction in 2003 to its recent configuration in 2009. This system was constructed for measuring aerosol optical properties height dependency to characterize their intensive and extensive optical properties linking them to local production or transport phenomena.
Quality Assurance at the Earlinet Granada Station: Characterization of the Optical Subsystem for a Multichannel Raman Lidar J. L. Guerrero Rascado1,2, F. Navas Guzmán1,2, J. A. Díaz3, J. A. Bravo Aranda1,2, L. Alados Arboledas1,2 1Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain The lidar technique is a useful tool to monitor the atmosphere with a high spatial and temporal resolution. As is known, all experimental devices must be calibrated to obtain trustworthy measurements. However, an absolute calibration is not possible in lidar measurements because of the complexity of the lidar system itself. Status of the lidar station at La Paz – Bolivia Ricardo N. Forno, Francesco Zaratti and Fernando Calderon Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physical Research, University of San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia The current status of the LIDAR station at La Paz is discussed, including the technical difficulties of operating an Alexandrite system at this high altitude location. Advances related to the reconditioning of this system, especially those related to the new laser system, are also discussed. In addition, the goals and perspectives of the Atmospheric Physics Laboratory, part of the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, are described in the context of the new instrument and the new initiatives recently undertaken with the help of the international scientific community. First Lidar Observatory in Colombia Álvaro Bastidas, Daniel Nisperuza Grupo de Láseres y Espectroscopia Óptica Escuela de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia Calle 59A # 63 - 20, Escuela de Física, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia As a result of the recent activities lidar in Colombia, it has been possible design and operation of an lidar station based on a pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at the 1064-nm and 532 nm wavelengths. The objective of this project is to study aerosols optical properties in the Medellín atmosphere, (Longitude 75º 34 '05'' West, Latitude 6º 13' 55'' North), using an elastic backscattering LIDAR, and to derive quantitative information about its optical parameters of the tropical region. We report the work related with generation and conformation of pulses laser, couple to the emitter system, design and compact conformed of the optic and optoelectronic receiver and detector systems using APD and PMT´s with current-feedback amplifiers and features a very large gain-bandwidth product, as well as the synchronization and record of the backscatter signals lidar in Tektronix Oscilloscope. Estimation of the microphysical aerosol properties over Thessaloniki, Greece, during the SCOUT-O3 campaign with the synergy of Raman lidar and sunphotometer Elina Giannakaki1, Detlef Muller2, Dimitris Balis1, Vassilis Amiridis2 1Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece A measuring campaign was held at Thessaloniki, Greece (40.6° N, 22.9° E) in July 2006 in the framework of the integrated project “Stratosphere-Climate Links with Emphasis on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere” (SCOUT-O3). One of the main objectives of the campaign was to determine aerosol properties and their impact on the UV irradiance at the Earth’s surface. In this paper we present vertically resolved microphysical aerosol properties retrieved from the inversion of optical data that were obtained from a combined one-wavelength Raman/two-wavelength backscatter lidar system and a CIMEL sunphotometer. A number of assumptions were undertaken to overcome the limitations of the existing optical input data needed for the retrieval of microphysical properties. We found acceptable agreement with AERONET retrievals for the fine mode particle effective radius which ranged between 0.11 and 0.19 for the campaign period while for an accurate retrieval of the complex refractive index additional optical information is needed. It is shown that under complex layering of the aerosols general assumptions can provide unrealistic retrievals, especially in the presence of aged smoke aerosols. It was found that with this instrument setup the inversion algorithm can be applied successfully also for the complex refractive index of cases of vertically homogeneous layers of continental polluted aerosols. For these inversion cases the vertically resolved retrievals for the single scattering albedo showed values around 0.9 at 532 nm which were in very good agreement with results from airborne in-situ observations that were carried out near the lidar station. Aerosol absorption measurements at the ALOMAR subartic station Elena Montilla Rosero1, Edith Rodríguez2, Sandra Mogo3, Victoria Cachorro1, Rubén Rodrigo1,Ángel de Frutos1 1Atmospheric Optics Group, University of Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain The global study of atmospheric aerosol is one of the key factors in regards to climate change and those effects. Over the last 4 years a strong research work on aerosols properties characterization have been carried out into the Atmospheric Optics Group of the University of Valladolid (GOA-UVa) in Spain. We present the results about aerosol absorption coefficient measurements with two different techniques: the “integrating sphere photometer” technique and the particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP, Radiance Research). This data was acquired into the summer campaign 2008, made at north of Norway, like a result of the participation of GOA in the POLARCAT project, lead by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, and included in the International Polar Year. Both methods are filter based and provide in-situ measurements that could be combined with optical column measurements for a better characterization of local aerosol. It contributes especially to the investigation of pollution events and to establishment the effects of the population over any local aerosol climatology. Based on this research background and the affordable and reliable instrumentation described in this work, the research can continue in Colombia in close collaborations with Spanish research groups. Dust Intrusion Observations by Lidar: from the subtropical Santa Cruz de Tenerife station (Canary Islands) to 'El Arenosillo' station (southwest of Iberian Peninsula) Carmen Cordoba Jabonero1,2, Javier Andrey1, Mar Sorribas3, Jose Antonio Adame3, Yballa Hernandez4, Victoria Cachorro5, Manuel Gil1, Emilio Cuevas4 and Benito de la Morena3 1Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, Torrejon de Ardoz-Madrid, Spain The important role that suspended matter plays in the radiative balance of the atmosphere is widely known, influencing both solar and thermal radiations (IPCC, 2007). Evaluation of this aerosol-radiation interaction is crucial for climate forcing assessment at as local as long-range scales. However, large uncertainties exist at present due to an incomplete aerosol characterization. A comparison between mesospheric temperature measured by lidar and skiymet meteor radar during 2007 and 2008 at brazilian low latitude Vânia Fátima Andrioli; Barclay Robert Clemesha; Paulo Prado Batista; Fernanda Tortosa Fernandes; Dale Simonich National Institute for Space Research – INPE, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil In this work we present mesospheric temperatures measured by two different techniques over low latitudes in Brazil. One is by Lidar measurement at São José dos Campos (23.2° S; 45.86° W), consisting in the detection of the Na resonance transition at the D2a peak, and at the minimum between the D2a and D2b peaks, making it possible to calculate the density and temperature profiles. The other, by Skymet meteor radar at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7° S; 45° W), provides a daily mean temperature near 90 km, where ionized meteor trails occur most frequently. Because the meteor radar technique provides an average daily temperature and the lidar makes available data with good temporal and height resolution, we made a height weighted mean over the lidar data to make comparison possible. We compare the temperature data from lidar and meteor radar during 2007 and 2008 with more than 120 days of simultaneous data. Estimation of OH height profile obtained by fit of simultaneous data from lidar and airglow in the brazilian low latitude sector Fernanda Fernandes, Dale Simonich, Alexandre Pimenta, Delano Gobbi, Barclay Clemesha Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil We present data of the upper mesosphere obtained by lidar and airglow measurements in the Brazilian low latitude sector over a period from 2007 to 2008. In the 80-110 km region, free sodium atoms are abundant enough to allow probing of the Doppler broadened hyperfine structure of the D2a resonance transition by ground-based lidar. The lidar technique consists in detection of the resonance transition at two wavelengths, one at the D2a peak, and another at the minimum between the D2a and D2b peaks, making it possible to calculate the density and temperature profiles. At the same time, rotational temperatures obtained from the airglow OH (6-2) emission using photometer data were determined. Given the lidar-derived temperature profile, we adjusted the height of an empirical OH emission profile so as to minimize the difference between the observed OH temperatures and the lidar data. This procedure was carried out using lidar data from São José dos Campos (23°S, 46°W) and photometer data from Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W), about 100 km away. Radiation effects on the most commonly used non linear optical crystals for space borne LIDAR’s H. Schroder, W. Riede, G. Tzeremes Non linear optical crystals are essential parts of most space laser mission. Typically used as modulators (Q switches) or frequency conversion devices (second harmonic, third harmonic generators, optical parametric oscillators), different NLO’s demonstrate different performance as far as optical transmittance and conversion efficiency once affected from radiation. This paper presents the radiation effects, both gamma radiation and proton radiation (various energy levels), on three borates LBO, BiBO, BBO, three potassium crystals RTP, KTP, KTP.fr as well as KTA. Multiple samples from different crystal growers incorporating different growing techniques where used. The irradiations done at the ESTEC facilities as well as the PSI were performed at various energy levels as well as different dosages. Detailed experimental setup and procedures are described, and the results of this test campaign are presented. Retrieval of the lidar overlap function using Raman signals F. Navas Guzmán1,2, J. L. Guerrero Rascado1,2 and L. Alados Arboledas1,2 1Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain The incomplete overlap between the laser beam and the receiver field of view significantly affects lidar observations of particle optical properties in the near-field range. The effect can considerably influence vertical profiling up to several kilometres in the case of systems with a narrow receiver field of view of less than 0.5 mrad. Without correction of the range-dependent overlap characteristics, a proper study of the important exchange processes of anthropogenic pollution between the sources and the lower-most layers of the troposphere is not possible. Different techniques can be employed to determine the overlap function. In this paper we analyze the overlap effect using a simple technique for determination of the overlap function proposed by Wandinger et al. (2002). It is based on the measurement of a pure molecular (nitrogen or oxygen Raman) backscatter signal in addition to the elastic backscatter signal performed with an aerosol Raman lidar under clear atmospheric conditions. This method has been applied successfully to measurements performed at Granada (37.16°N, 3.60°W, 680 m a.s.l.), in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. On the use cirrus clouds for elastic Lidar calibration F. Navas Guzmán1,2, J. L. Guerrero Rascado1,2, J. A. Bravo Aranda1,2 and L. Alados Arboledas1,2 1Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain Multiwavelength Raman Lidar observations allow the vertical resolved characterization of optical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles. The Raman Lidar system operated at EARLINET Granada station (Spain) is based on a Nd:YAG laser that emits at 1064, 532 and 355 nm. Parameters that are derived by such systems are particle backscatter and extinction coefficients, particle Lidar ratios (extinction-to-backscatter ratio) and Ångström exponents. A key parameter to retrieve backscatter coefficient from elastic Lidar signals is the backscatter coefficient at a reference height. Traditionally, such a calibration height fulfils the criterion that at this altitude the particle backscatter coefficient is negligible compared to the molecular backscatter value. This procedure can not be applied for those channels that present low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the reference height. Considering that the backscatter coefficient in cirrus clouds is independent on the spectral range, we have approached the calibration of the problematic channel transferring the calibration from those channels that have a good SNR at the reference height. In this sense, the backscatter coefficient at the cirrus level is computed for the calibrated channels and used as reference height value for the uncalibrated one. Retrieval of particle microphysical parameters from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements Igor Veselovskii Physics Instrumentation Center, Troitsk, Moscow Region, 142190, Russia Multiwavelength (MW) Mie-Raman lidar based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser becomes an important tool for profiling of tropospheric aerosol parameters. This lidar quantifies three aerosol backscattering and two extinction coefficients and from these optical data the microphysical particle parameters such as size, concentration and complex refractive index can be retrieved through inversion with regularization. This presentation is focused on application of MW lidar to the study of aerosol hygroscopic growth and to profiling of dust particle parameters. Hygroscopicity is one of key factors influencing the scattering properties of aerosols, and MW Raman technique allows to evaluate the particle hygroscopic growth factor without perturbing the aerosol or its surroundings. The results of corresponding measurements in the PBL will be given. MW systems are widely used to the study of dust particle parameters, however up to the present the physical models in retrieval algorithms for processing of MW lidar data were based on Mie theory. This model is applicable for light scattering by spherical particles only and does not adequately reproduce the scattering by non-sherical particles. This fact imposes serious limitations on the interpretation of the lidar observations of the desert dust. Here the algorithm using spheroid model for inversion of multi-wavelength lidar data is presented. Following the positive experience of AERONET retrieval developments, the aerosol is modeled as a mixture of spherical and non-spherical aerosol components. The non-spherical component is an ensemble of randomly oriented spheroids with size independent shape distribution. Developed algorithm was tested with experimental data of Sahara dust outbreak episode. CEILAP multiwavelength scanning Lidar construction for long range atmospheric transmission measurements Pallotta J.V.1, Ristori P.R.1, Otero L.A.1, Gonzalez F.1, Villar O.1, D´Elia R.L.2, Wolfram E.A.1, Pawelko E.E.1, Proyetti M.1, Etchegoyen A.3 and Quel E.J.1 1CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET) A multiwavelength scanning lidar is being constructed at CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET) to measure atmospheric transmission. This kind of information is required to calibrate cosmic ray measurements from Pierre Auger fluorescence detectors and galactic and extragalactic gamma rays detection from CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) telescopes. This paper describes the main requirements of this system and its final design. The actual state of this lidar construction and simulations are also shown. Denoising of the lidar signals using wavelet transform. Preliminary experiences in the CEILAP, Argentina E.E. Pawelko1, J. V. Pallotta1, P. Ristori1, M. M. Raponi1, L. A. Otero1, E. A. Wolfram1, R.L. D'Elia2 and E. J .Quel1 1CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET) In this work the Denoising in Lidar signals using Wavelet technique is studied. The filter method under study is applied to simulated and real lidar signals and compared to the traditional filter methods. The work demonstrates that the used technique allows to preserve the structure of the lidar signals and that Wavelet is a more adequate tool for the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio for this kind of signals. In addition, a real case of improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio which allows to extend the useful measuring range of the signals of CEILAP (CITEFA-CONICET)’s tropospheric aerosol Lidar, at Villa Martelli Argentina is studied, on a stratospheric aerosol intrusion event registrated at 14 km height last May 9, 2008, possibly coming from the Chaitén volcano, which was then in eruption. Water Vapor Raman Lidar for Meteorology T. Dinoev1, V. Simeonov1, B. Calpini2, I. Serikov1, Y. Arshinov3, S. Bobrovnikov3, P. Ristori4, H. van den Bergh1, and M. B. Parlange1 1EPFL - School of Architecture, Civil, and Environmental Engineering - EFLUM (LPAS) Numerical weather forecasts rely on accurate and frequent observations of water vapor vertical distribution in the troposphere. Currently these vertical water vapor profiles are provided from radiosondes launched twice a day. Higher time resolution of observations is required. An automated Raman lidar was developed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne and the Swiss Meteorological Institute for continuous day and night-time high resolution observations of the water vapor mixing ratio and the aerosol properties in the troposphere. The following step is to upgrade the instrument to measure temperature profiles. High resolution scanning Raman lidar validation field campaign and internal boundary layer measurement M. Froidevaux1, C. Higgins1, V. Simeonov1, P. Ristori2, I. Serikov1, H. Van den Bergh1 and, M.B. Parlange1 1EPFL - School of Architecture, Civil, and Environmental Engineering - EFLUM (LPAS) The exchange of mass and energy at the land atmosphere interface is a basic component of the hydrological cycle, and remains difficult to predict. This new generation lidar, with a design that allow to measure daytime water vapor and temperature range independent (15 – 600 m) profiles with resolutions of 1.25 m and 1 s and with a good accuracy over its entire range, gives us a new look to the ABL, especially with water vapor. This is an advantage over traditional methods used to address land surface exchange processes relying on point sensors. Field campaigns studying water vapor and temperature evolution over a wineyard (Geneva) and the Seedorf lake are presented. Development of an O3 UV DIAL System at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch Marcel Bartlome, Valentin Simeonov, Marc Parlange EPFL - School of Architecture, Civil, and Environmental Engineering - EFLUM (LPAS) A recent upgrade of the existing multi-wavelength lidar at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch (HARSJ, 3580 m ASL) is adding to this unique location the capability of measuring ozone profiles and tropopause folds. This improvement will help to quantify amount of tropospheric ozone increase by Stratosphere Troposphere exchange events. System upgrades to the previous operational configuration consisting in the construction of a new polychromator attached to the 76 cm astronomical telescope of the Sphinx laboratory and the inclusion of a N2 Raman cell to provide the required “on” and “off” measuring wavelengths are presented. mESYLIDAR: a new cost-effective powerful lidar configuration for tropospheric aerosols and clouds investigations M. M. Cazacu1,3, P. Ristori6, O. Tudose1, A. Balanici1, D. Nicolae4, V. Ristici5, D. Balin1,2, I. Balin1,2 1ESYRO (EnviroScopY SRL), Iasi, Romania, A new cost-effective lidar system is presented for 3D monitoring of clouds, aerosols and dust. This lidar extends the measuring range of the previous lidar configuration presented by the company by increasing the laser energy and the collection surface. It also adds two elastic wavelengths (355 nm and 1064 nm) to the existing 532 nm wavelength. Multiplatform observations of Paris Megacity by a new mobile observatory of atmospheric physico-chemical processes and climate J. Cuesta1, P. Chazette1,2, P. Flamant1, M. Beekmann3, B. Bonsang2, P. Chelin3, D. Edouart1, L. Estevan1, V. Gros2, J. Sanak2 and C. Flamant4 1LMD/IPSL, Palaiseau, France, Particle pollution in Megacities has a great impact in air quality, public health and climate. Large uncertainties remain concerning particle physico-chemistry and pollutant dispersion which are being investigated in the European programme MEGAPOLI. In this framework, MOBILIS “Moyens mOBIles de téLédetection de l’IPSL” is currently deployed in the Paris Megacity. MOBILIS is a new atmospheric mobile observatory developed by the “Lidar, Meteorology and Geophysics” team of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace in France, in order to contribute to international field campaigns for studying aerosols, trace gazes, clouds, atmospheric dynamics and energy budget, as well as for the ground-based validation of satellite observations. MOBILIS is composed by a full set of lidars and radiometers, whose payload may be adapted for either long term fixed monitoring in a maritime container, ground-based transects onboard a small car and an airborne deployment in an ultra-light airplane. The station SAMMO “Station Aérosols et chiMie MObile” completes the mobile observatory with an in-situ physico-chemical sensors onboard a truck. Biomass burning aerosol long range transport tracking using satellites, sunphotometer and lidar in Brazil Fabio J. S Lopes1,2, E. Landulfo1 1Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN - Brazil Nowadays there is an increasing concern about the direct and indirect influence of the aerosols in the Earth's radiative budget. Aerosols from biomass burning activities have been identified as a significant radiative forcing agent. A significant concentration quantity of aerosol particles observed in the atmosphere can be associated with intense anthropogenic biomass burning activity. The CALIPSO satellite and ground-based Lidar systems are indispensable to provide the vertical structure and optical properties of aerosol and clouds on global and local scale, respectively. The Brazilian mid-western region is one of the biggest producers of biomass burning in the whole continent. Aerosols from biomass burning can be transported to distances of hundreds or thousands of kilometers. In this context, the measures data from AERONET, CALIPSO satellite and the MSP-Lidar system from Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) can be used to map the aerosols biomass burning plumes transported from the mid-western to the southeastern region. In total 5 sites were chosen spanning from 0 to 23 S latitude in coverage during the dry season of 2006, 2007 and 2008 and we were able to identify such transport. A study of Amazon Basin aerosols properties using CALIOP’s and AERONET retrievals Sena, E. T., Artaxo, P., Paixão, M. Departamento de Física Aplicada - Instituto de Física - Universidade de São PauloRua do Matão, Travessa R, 187. CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil The Amazon tropical rainforest constitutes a complex ecosystem, in which the biosphere and the atmosphere are intrinsically related. Biomass burning emissions dominates the aerosol properties from August to November in most of the Amazon Basin, and long range transport makes tropical biomass burning the most important aerosol source in Latin America. Biomass Burning Aerosols Measurements at Rio Claro-SP, Brazil: A Case Study Glauber Lopes Mariano1, Eduardo Landulfo2 and Maria Paulete Pereira Martins Jorge1 1Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE; A mobile Lidar located at Rio Claro-SP, Brazil (22º 23’ S and 47º 32’ W) was employed for atmospheric boundary layer, tropospheric aerosols and cirrus cloud measurements, but mainly to study biomass burning aerosols from São Paulo state. We conducted one case study to evaluate the aerosol profile in a biomass burning episode occurred in July, 2009. We also used some gas analyzers (CO, SO2, NOx, HC, CH4 and PM10) to determine the biomass burning impact on this gases/particulate. On July, 15th, an intense burning was observed about 300 m away from the Lidar location. Through measurements it was observed that the plumes reached up to 900 m, and that there was a time gap between them. Through the gas analyzers a strong impact of this burning was noticed in measurements of CO, NOx and in the scattering at 550 nm measured by a nephelometer, whereas the PM10 did not observed an impact due to this burning, possibly because the particulate was deposited further from the emission source, not being detected by the equipment. Brazilian Biomass Burning Coordinated Measurements: A Multi-instrument Approach Maria Paulete Pereira Martins1, Glauber Lopes Mariano1, Eduardo Landulfo2, Gerhard Held3, Sergio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto3, Roberto Guardani4, Fabio Lopes2, Juliana Steffens4 1National Institute of Space Research (INPE), Brazil; INPE (National Institute of Space Research) acquires, with funds of PETROBRAS (Brazilian Petroleum Company), together with other institutions of research in São Paulo State, Brazil, an atmospheric monitoring system to study the biomass burning impacts due to sugar cane crops and also petroleum refinery emissions. This system consists of a mobile Lidar (operating at 532 nm with a Raman channel at 607 nm), a Sodar, air pollution analysers (PM10, PM 2,5, CO, SO2, NOx, MNMHC, O3) and a nephelometer. This paper will highlight the achievements and special data sets obtained with this system up to now and debate about the future operational goals within the context of a Lidar network in Latin America. Lidar range study for extrapolation to meteorological models of Medellín, Daniel Nisperuza, Álvaro Bastidas Grupo de Láseres y Espectroscopia Óptica Escuela de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia Calle 59A # 63 - 20, Escuela de Física, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia The study of the elastic scattering (Rayleigh and Mie) in the atmosphere for link-budget purposes and gives some insight into the interweaving between physical variables such as temperature, pressure and humidity, and the scattering phenomena, letting apart any possible extrapolation to meteorological models applied to Medellín city. Assuming that for signals lidar to two frequencies, the extinction reason to backscatter is independent of the position along the range lidar, and that the reason of the extinction coefficients for the two frequencies, is independent of the position along this range, from a data base of extinction and backscatter coefficients the calculus for different atmospheric conditions can readily be assessed and, as result, a system link budget is presented. This includes lidar range study, signal-to-noise ratio assessment. Camagüey’s solar radiation rescued dataset: preliminary applications Antuña, J. C., Hernández, C, Estevan, R., Barja, B., Fontes, A. and T. Hernández Estación Lidar de Camagüey, INSMET, Cuba Applications of the Camagüey’s, Cuba, station solar radiation dataset are described. This dataset has been subject to a data rescue project by the Camagüey Lidar Station. Already rescued hourly observations of direct, diffuse and global radiation belongs to the period 1985 a 2007. They have been reprocessed and quality controlled by properly designed computer software, generating a digital dataset in use for research and services. Using clear sky observations and the Bouger-Lambert-Beer law the broadband aerosol optical depth has been calculated, having this information by first time for Cuba. Applications are described ranging from the evaluation of the tropospheric aerosols radiative effects to the evaluation of adjustment of a radiative transfer model to the climatic conditions of Camagüey. Historical values of the solar radiation variables have been derived for the rescued period, available at the web page “Diagnostic of the Solar Radiation in Camagüey”, having also available the hourly observations in real time. New perspectives and application, already in progress or in design phase, are shown. Preliminary results of aerosols measurements with solar photometer at Camagüey, Cuba René Estevan Arredondo1, Juan C. Antuña1, Boris Barja1, Victoria E. Cachorro2, Ángel M. de Frutos2, Alberto Berjón2, Carlos Toledano2, Benjamín Torres2, Rubén Rodrígo2, Teresita A. Hernández1 and Carlos E. Hernández1 1Estación Lidar de Camagüey, INSMET, Cuba Preliminary results are reported from solar photometer CIMEL-138 measurements over Camagüey, Cuba, this instrument belong to the Iberian Aerosol Measurements Network (RIMA). Dataset correspond to the 1.5 level of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) during the period between October 7, 2008 and March 29, 2009. Obtained results, considered as background conditions, allow to characterize the aerosols over Camagüey as Mixed Maritime. Average values of Aerosol Thickness: τa(500 nm) = 0.12 with mode value at τam(500 nm) = 0.11 and the Ängstrom parameter: α = 0.83 with mode value at αm = 0.70, relatively high in both cases, agree with reported values by other studies for maritime environments in the Atlantic Ocean. A preliminary characterization about aerosol particles size distribution over Camagüey has been conducted. Arrival of Saharan dust mass to our territory, is evident in several episodes that have taken place during month of July, 2009 with an aerosol thickness maximum value τa(500) = 0.70 on day 5 of the same month, at 22:55:04 hours. Capability of atmospheric air monitoring in Cubatão City using Lidar technique Juliana Steffens1, Roberto Guardani1, Eduardo Landulfo2, Andréia Moreira3 1Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, A practical monitoring sensor for industrial pollution emissions should allow for on site, continuous, and unattended operation over a long period of time preferably achieved by an instrument with a simple and robust design. Optical remote sensing techniques have obvious advantages for gas pollutant detection, e.g., they enable fast operation over large distances, and in hostile environments with large fluctuations of temperature and pressure. Lidar (Light detection and ranging) has special capabilities for remote sensing of many diferent behaviours of the atmosphere. In this paper, based on the Lidar methodology, we present what will be doing for monitoring industrial pollutants emissions in Cubatão, that is one of the largest petrochemical and industrial in Brazil that has been subject of severe damage caused by massive emissions of pollutants, as a result of the progressive industrialization in the area. Therefore it is necessary to monitory the area to be able to control and to prevent ambient problems. In a partnership with the University of São Paulo (USP) the Brazilian oil company PETROBRAS has started off an Environmental Research Center located in the industrial site. This work can to compare results obtained from our work with Environmental Agency and is one very important instrument of measurement could be helping the industries to control their emissions. Emissions from sugar cane fires in the Central & Western State of São Paulo and Aerosol Layers over Metropolitan São Paulo observed by Ipen´S Lidar: Is there a connection? Gerhard Held1, Eduardo Landulfo2, Fabio Lopes2, Joaquim Arteta3, Virginie Marecal3 and José Marcio Bassan1 1Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, S.P., Brazil The central and western parts of the State of São Paulo are well-known for vast sugar cane plantations, which during the harvest time (approximately April – November) are traditionally burnt about 12 hours before manual cutting. This procedure causes the release of large quantities of aerosols and a variety of gases, which can be observed by IPMet’s (Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas) radars, located in Bauru and Presidente Prudente, on days with no or little rain. Depending on the temperature of these plumes, surface winds and their distance from the radar, they an be detected up to 5 km amsl or more by the radars, but the diluted plume certainly rises much higher than that, and is subsequently being transported by the environmental winds to other regions.
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